Sexual Education And Its Effects On America Essay

Sexual education seems to have always been a controversial topic in America. A large part of that is due to most of America holding dear to it’s heart strongly conservative views while also seemingly contradicting that by blatantly adding gratuitous sex scenes to the most basic of TV shows and by slapping obscene titles on the front covers of magazines that sit at checkout at the grocery store. So if sex is everywhere, why isn’t anyone talking about it? In particular why is nobody educating teens on it? Although the latter question may seem like a bit of a stretch it still rings true in many ways. Many college students in America are often confused about their own body’s anatomy or even how sex is supposed to work with another partner. This is largely in part because a majority of American teenagers are taught abstinence only sexual education, or do not receive any sex ed at all. This is unacceptable in a country as advanced as America; at the very least we shoul d leave students feeling confident about themselves and their sexual decisions as well as teaching students proper ways to protect themselves during sexual activity through the use of a comprehensive sexual education program. The first sexual education class to be taught in a public school was in 1913 in Chicago, IL. While there was widespread acceptance throughout the city, the Catholic church, quickly forced the superintendent to resign upon their disdain for the class. Soon after in the years following World War IShow MoreRelatedAdverse Health Effects of Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 Pagesprevented. The adverse outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy can be studied in America. In general, adolescent birth rates in America and worldwide are declining. The observed decline in America is due to more access to contraceptives and the use of contraceptives. The decline can also be attributed to more adolescents abstaining from sexual activity. According to â€Å"Facts on American Teens†, in America the percentage of never married females that were sexually active in 1995 was 19% but inRead MoreSexual Education During The Late 1900 S1428 Words   |  6 Pagesscrutinization. Sexual education in America has been problematic since the late 1900’s because there is simply a lack of it. Sexual education has transformed over a hundred years, abated by the effect of religious upbringings and conservative outlooks. However, as evolved as it is today, it is still a national issue because of the ongoing struggle of comprehensive sexual education against abstinence, and in the midst of the two, students are still not being exposed to proper sexual health. Sexual educationRead MoreThe Debate For Comprehensive Sex Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesComprehensive Sex Education Across the United States of America there is wide spread support for abstinence-only education. A majority of states require that abstinence-only education be the only form of sexual health education provided, or requires that abstinence be stressed above other forms of sexual education. These highly stressed abstinence-only programs are under fire as research comes out against the efficiency of these programs, and as new forms of sexual health education appear. These newRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent countries, cultures, and communities. The four main types of abuse are emotional abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse, and although emotional abuse and neglect are often overlooked, each has just as severe effects on children as sexual and physical abuse (Saisan et al.). The many causes of all kinds of the abuse of children have devastating effects on the child’s life presently and later on in life. There are multiple different causes of child abuse, and although abusing aRead MoreThe Most Effective Method Of Sex Education1239 Words   |  5 Pagesof Sex Education â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Sex is a touchy subject and administrators all over the country have spent years trying to figure out the best way to teach their minors about it. Sex education in America is crucial because we are known for our high rates of pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among teenagers. However, things like religion, morals, and rights are factors that have swayed the education system making it harder to determine the â€Å"right† way to teach sex education. There areRead MoreLets Talk About Sex Education Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive sex education should be taught in public schools. The youth of today cannot make educated decisions regarding sex if they are not properly educated. Not educating America’s youth in all aspects of sex education is comparable to allowing them to drive without being taught. This choice of not allowing comprehensive sex education is schools is dangerous and can have life long consequences. These consequences will not only a ffect the individual but can ultimately affect America. It is vitalRead MoreWhat is Sex Education Today? Essays705 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is sex education today? Current educational policies mandate a comprehensive education while simultaneously avoiding the issue of explicitly approving or dissenting sexual behavior. On the contrary, most courses attempt to inform sexually active individuals about safe sex rather than encourage any particular practice. Why would educational statutes be wary of encouraging sexual practices of abstinence or otherwise? According to David Rigsby, author of Sex Education in Schools (2006), VariationsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Protecting Our Youth Through Abstinence1316 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics showing that 17% per 1,000 girls, 7.9% in France, 5.2% in Netherlands. Germany is the second highest abortion rate ranking at 8.7% for women ages 15-49.( Sex Education Can Prevent Teen Pregnancy).Because of these statistics, Sex Education and Sexual Abstinence should be taught in America to prevent teen pregnancy. Sex Education is taught in countries such as Germany, France, and Netherlands to promote safe sex. Condoms are given to students to prevent teen pregnancy and STDs. Not only areRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : Protecting Our Youth Through Abstinence1315 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics showing that 17% per 1,000 girls, 7.9% in France, 5.2% in Netherlands. Germany is the second highest abortion rate ranking at 8.7% for women ages 15-49.( Sex Education Can Prevent Teen Pregnancy).Because of these statistics, Sex Education and SexualAbstinence should be taught in America to prevent teen pregnancy. Sex Education is taught in countries such as Germany, France, and Netherlands to promote safe sex. Condoms are given to students to prevent teen pregnancy and STDs. Not only areRead MoreEssay about Why Sex Education Should Be Taught in Schools1494 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Sex Education Should Be Taught In Schools Most America teenagers are sexually active and think nothing could ever happen to them. But, many of them are misinformed about the risks that are involved in sex. Teens also dont always know the best ways to protect themselves and their partners from becoming pregnant or getting STDs. Alan Harris said, the more educated someone is the more likely they are to make responsible and informed choice for their behaviors. Sex education given by

Men And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom By Leslie Bell Essay

Men and women face many social obstacles when faced within a community that has demanding masculine and feminine roles. Men are projected to be extremely masculine and not allow fear, anxiety, or vulnerability to show through. Women, on the other hand, are encouraged to be strong, pursue their careers, and experiment with their sexuality. Although women are gaining power, they are still left with a feeling of confusion about themselves. Leslie Bell author of, â€Å"Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom†, reveals the idea of women experimenting sexually, but at the same time experiencing a sense of confusion and pressure to settle down and marry in their twenties. The societal view is confusing for twenty-something women which causes women to demonstrate either/ or thinking within themselves. Bell’s patient, Jayantha is splitting her desires by deciding to be bad and rejecting relationship and not showing signs of vulnerability. Due to her confusion, Jayanthi chose an identity that she could fully control; the bad girl. As mentioned previously, men are also exposed to certain morals within society which are explored in Susan Faludi’s â€Å"The Naked Citadel†. All of the cadets live as â€Å"humans† behind the walls of The Citadel, where they can express their inner humanity, escape from difficulties of being a man in the real world, while still following the standards of manliness. The Citadel is a place that allows men to detach from the societalShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of Context By Malcolm Gladwell Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences that the society may have undergone through in the earlier instances of occurrence of specific events. Leslie Bell, the author of â€Å"Selections from Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom,† largely focuses on female sexuality detailing the often confusing situations  that twenty-something ladies have to c ontend with, with regards to their sexual freedom. She argues that female sexuality remains a persistently emotional issue and that the emotions have enhanced theRead MoreYoung Women And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom1519 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty-something, highly educated, and carefree women find themselves constrained among the rules of their sexual and relational desires. Leslie Bell’s Hard to Get: Twenty- Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom focuses on such young women who despite being taught to seek out a compassionate relationship of equals, are at the same time, being taught the discrepancy in the evolutionary psychology between men and women. This eventually leads women to â€Å"split† her desires and having to consider not onlyRead MoreThe Freedom That Accompanies A Young Woman s Twenties1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe freedom that accompanies a young woman’s twenties can be overwhelming. With concrete guides on how to fulfill academic a nd career goals, it is no mystery as to why so many young women put their sexuality on hold during these years. Leslie Bell, a psychotherapist and sociologist that focuses on women’s development, has studied this phenomenon for years. In her book, â€Å"Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom†, Bell explores the actualities of the â€Å"freedom† young womenRead MoreFemale Sexuality And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom By Leslie Bell990 Words   |  4 Pages Freedom, opportunities, and information are some features of this modern society. Clearly, humans are now having a very different life compared to the past. Along with this well-developed world, people get more chances to express how they think, do what they want, and love who they love. Especially young people, they become more independent and are capable of living their own lives. However, while society provides people a lot of benefits, it actually makes their lives even more complex at theRead MoreParadox Of Finding Identity Within Sexual Freedom1339 Words   |  6 Pages Paradox of Finding Identity In Sexual Freedom Freedom, opportunities, and information are some features of this modern society. Clearly, humans are now having a very different life compared to the past. Along with this well-developed world, people get more chances to express how they think, do what they want, and love who they love. Especially young people, they become more independent and are capable of living their own lives. However, while society provides people a lot of benefits, it actuallyRead MoreYoung Women And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom958 Words   |  4 PagesIn our reading of Leslie Bell’s â€Å"Hard to get: Twenty – Something Women and The Paradox of Sexual Freedom† she often refers to â€Å"conflicting† messages giving by society. These messages tell young women how they should live and express their sexual freedom during their ‘prime’ years. Messages given by society about sexual freedom are contradicting which cause women to feel anxious and confused on how to expres s themselves in relationships. In between all this confusion men have taken advantage of theseRead MoreWomen And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom By Leslie Bell1329 Words   |  6 Pagesin life. In the essay, â€Å"Selections from Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom† by Leslie Bell, she speaks about how difficult it is for women to find the perfect balance in their life to become who they are really meant to be. Leslie Bell speaks frequently about the idea that women are supposed to â€Å"live up† their twenties, and not get caught up in serious relationships. Leslie Bell often speaks about how when women are in their twenties it is a time period for themRead MoreSexuality And Criminality By Leslie Bell Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is an in-depth analysis of two articles that cover two of the most emotive issues in any modern society: sexuality and criminality. In the first article, Leslie Bell mostly focuses on female sexual ity largely detailing the often confusing situations that twenty-something ladies have to contend with as regards to their sexual freedom. Female sexuality remains a persistently emotive issue in many societies. Religious and social beliefs that prevail in the society fuel the emotions that enhanceRead MoreThe Strength Of Sexuality : A Statement1425 Words   |  6 Pagesrespond to: sex. Sex has become a means of establishing independence and identity because of its scandalous nature. For centuries, the topic of sexual intercourse was riddled in controversy, unspoken of and hidden behind closed doors. Although sexual desires were part of the human psyche, women were discouraged from thinking, speaking, and participating in sexual acts and encouraged to remain virginal in body and mind until marriage. However, times have changed; today, women are more progressive and openRead MoreSexuality And Criminality By Leslie Bell Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis of two articles discuss ing two of the most emotive issues witnessed in the modern society. These issues include sexuality and criminality. In the first article, Leslie Bell mostly focuses on female sexuality largely detailing the often-confusing situations that twenty-something women have to contend with based on their sexual freedom. Religious and social beliefs that prevail in the society fuel the emotions that enhance the hard decisions made concerning the female sexuality debate. In the second

Humanitarian and Communities

Question: Discuss about the Humanitarian and Communities. Answer: Introduction: Community services and humanitarian aid are two interlinked terms where both actually mean to provide necessary human services in social and community development programmes. Several community development organizations work hand in hand to foster the economic development and social welfare schemes in remote Australia. The Territory Families in Northern Australia principally operates in children and family welfare sectors, which demand the most concentration from the State. Due to the existence of Territory Families and several other community development organizations, focused and flexible service providing has been possible and it has accelerated local solutions and decision-making as well ("Homepage - Territory Families", 2017). Now the Northern territory of Australia has been greatly troubled for some time due to continuous refugee arrivals and settlements. Countries like UK Ireland, New Zealand, China and India hold the highest rank in terms of refugee sources in Australia. To b alance the social structure between the aboriginals and the new-arrivals as well as fortify the social structure while being responsible for children and caring for families and elderly persons are the biggest challenges to the Northern Territory Families ("Homepage - Territory Families", 2017). This report indulges in developing a profile for the Territory Families while attempting to identify its type and structure. Then the mission and structure of the organization is to be analyzed keeping in the view of its vision and goals. In addition to that, the report inspects what services are offered to the territory people and to what extent these prove to be beneficial for them. Eventually it reflects the organizations contribution in the broader community and humanitarian perspective aiding people to understand the nature and function of it. Historical Context of the Territory Families: Since ages, indigenous Australians have been living in the third largest part of Australia i.e. in the Northern Territory. However, this region is sparsely populated and is considered remote where it had become necessary to set up an organization like Territory Families that could reach out with all the local help when required ("History of the Northern Territory - Australia's Northern Territory", 2017). The Australian government also identified the growing domestic violence and child protection issues in these remote areas of Northern territory and the requirement to build up partnerships with local communities. Identifying these issues, the government of Northern Territory established Territory Families on September 12, 2016. The aims behind introducing the family support scheme were noble and are as follows: Establish the provisions to make safe houses even in the remote places. Put a stop to child abuse and child labor by setting up a locomotive child protection team Increase the recruitment of workers from the aboriginal family workers. Type and Structure of the Organization: The organizations all over the world fall majorly into four categories being: Pyramids or Hierarchies Committees or Juries Matrix and Ecologies The Territory Families group concerns with service providing to the aboriginal families and children and works in a group aiming to offer the best possible service to 11 remote communities in this region. Hence, it falls under the committees or juries group where the members of the group decide collectively about the course of action that would be appropriate for them. Vision and Mission of the Group: The Territory Families group cooperatively works with the vision to grow as a stronger and healthy tribe (Keith Moore, 2014). They aim to build safe homes for children as well as put a stop to any kind of family violence in order to form happy and strong families. The aim of the group is to work hand in hand to make the Northern Territory of Australia the best place to bring up children and they are committed to create a better life for every inhabitant (Judd Keleher, 2013). The objectives pursued by the family group are as follows: Safe houses for children Children make quality choices Strong and healthy families without any instances of domestic violence Strong community Organizational Culture: The shared beliefs, assumptions and values in an organization have immense influence on those who work for the same. These are reflected in the manner of the people associated with the group and thereby, maintaining a boundary for them about organizational ethics (Barbera, 2014). The organizational culture of any organization consists of seven principal characteristics: Risk Orientation: An organization consistently has to look for innovation and improvement in its performance. While discussing about Territory Families group, the same strive for betterment can be noticed. Precision Orientation: Precision in organizational culture dictates the members to be accurate in their work Achievement Orientation: Achieving the desired outcome is the key focus for the Northern Territory group. The members have been very much dynamic and active in reaching out to the needy (Barbera, 2014). Fairness Orientation: This specifically poses a great deal of importance on what effect an organizations performance would have on the service receivers as well as on the members who are associated (Barbera, 2014). Collaboration Orientation: The Territory Families activities are likely to rely significantly on this orientation as they perform together in teams instead of working as individuals. Competitive Orientation: This particular characteristic of organizational culture is not applicable for the chosen Northern Territory Families group since it does not aim to compete but places a high value on social welfare services (Gilmore et al., 2016). Rule Orientation: This characteristic indicates those organizations which predictable in nature and perform consistently in the same way. However, the Territory Families is not a profit-oriented enterprise it conforms to this culture strictly abiding by the pre-determined directives. Territory Families operates with some certain values that are strictly carried out by all the members of the group in order to deliver services competently and confidently. The Northern Territory Families recognize the strength in everyone. They provide services non-discriminately Operate under a set of recognized ethics. They are respectful in their approach towards children. Organizational Structure: The structure or design determines the mode of services of an organization and provides an idea how competently it can perform under crucial circumstances. The organizational design structure for social welfare service providing groups tend to become rather complex since they offer services on different issues and themes, at different levels and working for different targeted people at the same time ("territoryfamilies", 2017). A generic outline for the Territory Families group is likely to look like this: Figure: Organization Structure of Territory Families Source: territoryfamilies. (2017). territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/238668/Annual-Report2014-15.pdf Beneficiaries and Services Offered: The formation of Territory Families compiles multi-dimensional welfare services to different sections of society. It does not limit itself in providing service to the aboriginals only but also works for people of all linguistic and cultural background who have become permanent inhabitants of the territory over the years ("About us - Territory Families", 2017). Territory Families include the following divisions in the organization in order to execute stable and uninterrupted performances: Children and Families Childrens Policy Offices of Womens and Mens Policy Youth Justice Youth Multicultural Affairs and Seniors Senior Pensioner Concessions Domestic Violence Directorate The key function of this organization is to provide services to the grass root level and to the children and families, the section that forms the foundation of society. Thus, they aim to build a society where children can experience a healthy and happy childhood and most importantly, they remain safe ("About us - Territory Families", 2017). Other than this, Territory Families ensures that women and men from different linguistic and cultural grounding are offered equal opportunities and that elderly persons in the territory are valued and honored ("About us - Territory Families", 2017). Human Service Delivery: All the above-mentioned divisions of Territory Families have their own strategies to execute the desired outcomes. The following section discusses thoroughly the procedures of service delivery of the most important sections: Children and Families: This department dedicatedly works to the best interest of children in collaboration with other welfare agencies in the country. The service delivery model of this department is discussed in detail henceforth: Concentrated family preservations and child safety is the main concern for the department. In addition, it provides reunification services to the children who have become vulnerable due to child protection inquiries ("Home - Department of Treasury and Finance", 2017). Work with Department of Education on guidelines and a protocol in order to eradicate the sexualized behavior in children. It is their obligation to review and revise DCFs policies and amend them with time if necessary. Again, a DCF Remote Service team has been formed to support families, contribute to carer assessment and look into investigations in those places while working collaboratively with urban sections ("Home - Department of Treasury and Finance", 2017). Accountability in practices and effective legislation has always been the priority for the department. Youth Justice Advisory Committee: The Youth Justice Act is regularly monitored and evaluated by the committee ("Youth justice supervision in the Northern Territory (AIHW)", 2017). Concentrates on the correctional services by implementing new plans and investigates if there is any room for further development. Provides the Minister of Correctional Services with the integrated information related to issues in youth justice. In case of unavailability of the family members of the youth who is likely to face a police interrogation, the committee prepares the list of appropriate support personnel who can sit with the youth in the interrogation ("Youth justice supervision in the Northern Territory (AIHW)", 2017). The committee is entrusted with carrying out functions directed by the minister. Domestic Violence Directorate: The directorate focuses on safeguarding the rights of the victims It also tries to transform the offenders by bringing out a change in their behavior. Office of Womens Policy: Womens health and welfare Womens safety Their economic security Ensuring their participation in leadership and in every other sector of society Office of Mens Policy Health and wellbeing Engagement and partnership Community safety Supporting the male section of youth in the process of their adulthood (Stephenson, 2017) Indigenous mens advisory council offers guidance to the particular community men Senior Pensioner Concession: Assist the senior citizens, pensioners and carers to take possession of a land or a home who are not the first proprietor ("Home - Department of Treasury and Finance", 2017). Human Resource Management System: The community government of Northern Territory of Australia has rooted the sense of accountability in the residents by expanding their powers and including them in the economic development through establishing Territory Families in the form of self-government (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). However, the structure of self-governance includes several challenges alongside multiple opportunities of providing the best programs for the community people. Surrounded by these challenges Territory Families now realizes the importance of building a consolidated human resource capacity to confront and overcome all of them. The competency-based human resource management system consists of some key elements that have developed the human resource strength at local level. Human Resource Planning: This initial stage involves analyzing present staff capacity while predicting human resource requirement and thereby, identifying the difference between the two (Knowles, Holton III Swanson, 2014). Besides, it includes succession planning, enabling the Territory Family government to plan for the concerns and issues existing in the field. Job Descriptions: This is an integral part to any human resource management system as it acts as the blueprint of what kind of person should be employed and what is the job all about. Recruitment: Hiring the most suitable local for a certain department is a significant and critical point for the Territory government. Orientation: Providing the new employees with an orientation reduces their stress for the new job and enhances their performances (Delahaye, 2015). Performance Evaluation: Performance evaluation is like the mirror that highlights the real capabilities of the staffs to the government. Training and Development: A well-trained group of staffs is essential to deliver quality services to the residents of the territory (Tyson, 2014).. Implementation: This final section provides the organization with the idea when and how to implement the strategy that will most benefit the service receivers. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, therefore, we can conclude that Territory Families has played the indispensible part in shaping and fostering the Northern Territory community to what it has emerged to be today. Their working hand in hand to face every issue however grave it is, has set an example to the other provinces of the country. Despite struggling with obstacles like rising criminal activities and children abuse, the families have strived to achieve a solution to everything united. The government has also recognized the tremendous effort on the families part in transforming the region. In this context, the government of Northern Territory must also be praised to come up with such an innovative idea, which has been proved promising in such a brief span. Certainly, the formation of Territory Families is a great step taken to develop a healthy and lively future generation. Reference: About us - Territory Families. (2017). Territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au/about Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Barbera, K. M. (2014).The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture. Oxford University Press. Child abuse - NT.GOV.AU. (2017). Nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://nt.gov.au/community/child-protection-and-care/child-abuse Delahaye, B. (2015).Human resource development. Tilde Publishing. Gilmore, B., Adams, B. J., Bartoloni, A., Alhaydar, B., McAuliffe, E., Raven, J., ... Vallires, F. (2016). Improving the performance of community health workers in humanitarian emergencies: a realist evaluation protocol for the PIECES programme.BMJ open,6(8), e011753. History of the Northern Territory - Australia's Northern Territory. (2017). Australiasnorthernterritory.com.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.australiasnorthernterritory.com.au/Living/Pages/history-nt.aspx Home - Department of Treasury and Finance. (2017). Treasury.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.treasury.nt.gov.au/TaxesRoyaltiesAndGrants/HomeOwnerIncentives/SeniorPensionerandCarerConcession/Pages/default.aspx Homepage - Territory Families. (2017). Territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au/ Judd, J., Keleher, H. (2013). Reorienting health services in the Northern Territory of Australia: a conceptual model for building health promotion capacity in the workforce.Global health promotion,20(2), 53-63. Keith, M. R., Moore, M. (2014). Public Health Association of Australia (NT Branch) submission to Northern Territory Select Committee on Action to Prevent Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., Swanson, R. A. (2014).The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Stephenson Jr, M. O. (2017). The Theory and Practice of International Humanitarian Relief Coordination. InPalgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations in World Politics(pp. 485-502). Palgrave Macmillan UK. territoryfamilies. (2017). territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://territoryfamilies.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/238668/Annual-Report2014-15.pdf Tyson, S. (2014).Essentials of human resource management. Routledge. Youth justice supervision in the Northern Territory (AIHW). (2017). Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/youth-justice/states-territories/nt/

The Battle Of Alamo

Abstract The battle of Alamo is well known for the important personalities that were involved. Among the prominent combatants that personally involved themselves in the war include Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the Mexican president, David Crocket, the Tennessee congressman, James Bowie, the congressman and colonel William Barret Travis who was not known at the time but received a national distinction as one of the best commanders of all time in Alamo.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Battle Of Alamo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Texans and Americans as a whole believe that the Alamo war was a sacrifice to the nation by those who were involved. The fairy tale portion of the battle has been portrayed in several popular public shows. These shows have made it difficult to comprehend the true historical events. This research paper will be exploring the course, the causes and the aftermath of the war. Th e paper will also explore how the war ended in victory for the Texans and how it affected both the Texan and the American society. The paper will majorly use the literature review to explore the course of the war as well as the causes and the aftermath. Background The battle of Alamo is well known for the important personalities that were involved. Among the prominent combatants that personally involved themselves in the war included Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the Mexican president, David Crocket, the Tennessee congressman, James Bowie, the congressman and the colonel William Barret Travis who was not known at the time but received a national distinction as one of the best commanders of all time (Hardin, 1994). For many Texans as well as the Americans, the battle of Alamo has been one of the secret codes of the nationalistic sacrifice. The fairy tale portion of the battle has been portrayed in several popular public. These shows have made it difficult to comprehend the true histor ical event. In order to understand the battle of Alamo, one must concur with its premeditated background in the Texas rebellion. It all started with the capture of several towns from the centralist forces by the Texan federalist immigrant army together with American volunteers and Tejano cronies. During the siege of Bexar, the Texian, as the Texan federalist immigrant army was known, drove away the centralist forces and took control over San Antonio, Goliad and Gonzalez.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Immediately after this victory, most of the Texan volunteers’ army took advantage of the winter and went back to their families living only a few men back to guard the towns that have been captured (Hardin, 1994). However, the provisional government in place feared that the centralist army may strike back during spring Literature review.  Cause of the war This war was ca used by many factors. The most prominent was differences in ideologies. The Americans were thinking about â€Å"manifest destiny† while Mexicans were preoccupied by their pride and expansion. Matters broke loose on 16th December, 1836 when a small number of armed Texans attacked Nacodoches and declared its independence from Mexico. They then named the place the Republic of Fredonia (Lord, 1978). This battle was won through the support that the local Indians provided. Mexico was not pleased with the continuing rebellion and sent a huge number of troops to stump down the revolution. This was not to be. Upon hearing that the Mexican forces are coming, the â€Å"Fredonians† fled to Louisiana. The centralist law made it illegal for any other Americans to migrate into Texas. In defiance, many Americans continued to migrate to Texas and offered support to those who were deemed by the Mexican government as the rebels. But the Texans, mostly federalist immigrants, vowed to free themselves from the centralist’s government (Jenkins, 1973). Their main aim was to annex Texas from Mexico. The formation of the federalist free army further exacerbated the situation. Skirmishes and violence broke out in most towns with the Texan federalist immigrant army taking control of many towns. However, on April 6, 1830, Mexico made a decree in response to the violence. The decree proscribed additional Americans from immigrating to Texas. In addition, more stringent commercial taxes were also imposed. In 1834, Mexico became under the dictatorship of the General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. This caused more revolt as Texans continued to stand firm against his authority. As agitation continued, prominent Texan figures were being arrested and jailed. One of these was Stephen Austin whose letter advising Texans to form their own state was attained by the Mexican government (Hardin, 1994). Soon after his detention, the war broke out.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Battle Of Alamo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Texan combatants who disguised themselves to be fighting for the reinstatement of democracy in Mexico took control over San Antonio, Goliad and Gonzalez. After capturing these cities, the Texan soldiers broke for the winter holidays leaving only a few men to guard San Antonio (Hardin, 1994). Unexpectedly, the Mexican dictator General Santa Anna pulled in accompanied with a large troop and forced themselves in San Antonio. This forced the few soldiers that remained to guard San Antonio to retreat to Alamo. Alamo was then a mission next to San Antonio. With large troop surrounding them, the defendant leader, Colonel William B. Travis, called for reinforcement from the other cities. However, only few soldiers approximated to be 32 from Gonzalez managed to come. With these few soldiers, Colonel Travis now had a total of 187 soldiers in his camp against appr oximately 2000 men of Santa Anna (Jenkins, 1973). The 15 inhabitants who were within the Alamo walls comprised of women and children. The most prominent among them was Mrs. Dickinson and her child. Mrs. Dickinson was the wife of Lieutenant Dickinson. Lieutenant Dickinson was among those who died in defense of Alamo. The Mexican forces laid a siege to the small mission and over and over again assaulted Alamo. But they were kept at bay in every attempt by the Texans (Hardin, 1994). In each attempt, the Mexican general lost quit a number of men. Despite these losses, Santa Anna did not give up. He pressed on with the assault. During one of these occasions, the Texan colonel, Travis, declared that he will not retreat or give up Alamo. He vowed to die for the sake of his country. In the meantime, Santa Anna continued to pound the mission without success. The course of the war In fact, the war took exactly eight days. It began on December 10, 1835, when the Texan free army took control of San Antonio and Alamo. Upon hearing the assault, the centralist army under the command of Santa Anna began their match to bring down the revolt in Texas.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Throughout the day of February 23, 1836, the Mexican army matched to San Antonio and before dawn they arrived. The Texan guards in San Antonio were surprised by their fast movement and upon hearing that Santa Anna was in San Antonio; they retreated to Alamo (Hardin, 1994). The Texans were being commanded by Colonel Travis. Colonel Travis predicted an assault from Santa Anna and did everything within his powers to defend Alamo. The colonel and few Texan combatants strengthened the walls of Alamo to provide at least a defense against any attack. Though the wall and design of Alamo was built to serve as a mission and not a fortress, Travis and his men had to do anything within their means to defend themselves. The Alamo walls were thick but not strong enough to block any bombardment. The walls were made of plane stone-works with no support to control any line of the battalion. Within the rectangular wall were four pieces of artillery mounted on the wall facing the main town (Jenkins, 1 973). Similar number was also mounted facing the north while two were mounted on the side of the church. The church was on the south east corner of the rectangular wall. The church building was huge enough to house both the weapon stockpile and the army houses. The other four artilleries were placed facing the main gate. These artilleries were to defend the gate that overlooks the bridge crossing San Antonio River. Even though Alamo was in full supply of water and food, Travis and his men were in short supply of additional men, ammunition and other provisions. On reaching Alamo, the centralist commander Santa Anna demanded immediate surrender without any condition. Travis refused to give in and instead fired a short. Santa Anna responded to this by raising red-blood flag over the city (Lord, 1978). Immediately, bombardment began. The first intentions were to make it slow and harmless to make defenders surrender. This was not to be. Instead, Travis called for help from his fellow cou ntry men and compatriots. Seeing no much progress, Santa Anna personally led a battalion towards the gates of Alamo. The main aim was to erect a battery. Contrary to their expectations, Travis resisted strongly and drove them back. They were later reinforced by another battalion and the fight continued the whole of that afternoon. At night, the Santa Anna army succeeded and raised their battery but with a greater loss. The success was also due to the protection from the old houses standing between the Alamo gates and the bridge (Lord, 1978). During the same night, Santa Anna erected several batteries and a Calvary at strategic places surrounding the walls of Alamo. In response, Travis scorched all wooden and straw houses that stood between them and the Santa Ana batteries. The following day saw small fights between the defenders and the Calvary that was stationed to the east walls of Alamo. During this time, Santa Anna received additional contingent that provided reinforcement. The additional reinforcement increased his guard which he strategically stationed in several places around the walls and in front of the batteries (Hardin, 1994). Meanwhile, Travis men ventured out for food and water with no loss. At night, they ended up destroying some of the old houses that stood between them and Mexican battery stationed north east of the walls of Alamo. Throughout this time, the Santa Anna men were constantly bombarding the fort. The effect of this bombardment was too little to pose any threat to the Texans. The Texans even assaulted the battery that was erected on the north east claiming several casualties (Jenkins, 1973). On the 28th, the Mexicans managed to put up one more battery in close proximity to the old mill and endeavored to cut the water supply. But they were repulsed by the defendants of the fort. Meanwhile, the defendants were busy making the walls stronger using anything within their means. It is essential to note that Travis requested for assistance on the 23rd from Colonel Fannin who was stationed at Goliad. On his letter, Travis made his position that he would not surrender known to Fannin. The message reached Goliad on the 25th and on the 28th Fannin began his match to Bexar with four pieces of artillery and three hundred additional men (Lord, 1978). With a control of 100 combatants, captain Westover was left behind to watch over Goliad. Fannin never went far before one of his wagons broke. Left with only one York of oxen to drive the artillery across the river, he was forced to double his men. This took them longer than was expected. In addition, the provision he had was not enough to last his men and the forces within Alamo. Prior to his arrival in Alamo, the interim council decided otherwise and he was forced to return to Goliad. The information concerning the coming of Fannin to Bexar was received by Santa Anna on the same day Fannin began his match. Santa Anna sent Calvary and infantry under the general Sesma to meet an d stop him before reaching Alamo (Lord, 1978). This was even before the council of war decided otherwise. However, the decision by Fannin was reversed before he met the Santa Anna men. Though colonel Fannin was turned back, a contingent of 30 men were safely led into Alamo by Captain John W. Smith. This reinforcement increased the number of Travis men to 187. During these maneuverings, the offensive against Alamo by Santa Anna continued. But due to lack of ammunition, Texans fired rarely. On the evening, March 1, the Texan defendants struck the abode sheltering Santa Anna by a single twelve pound shot (Hardin, 1994). Santa Anna maintained heavy bombardment the following day but the Texan would not give up. They maintained their defense as much as they could. On the 3rd, the Mexicans managed to put up another battery on the north wall within the range of a musket-short. This was also the same day that Colonel Travis last petitioned the convention president for support. Even this time , he emphasized the non surrender stand. In the letter, Travis clearly expressed his determination and position that he will not surrender any Texan land to the centralist forces (Jenkins, 1973). The skirmishes with the advancing Texans continued as Travis got a message from Fannin that he would not join him. Firing continued on the following day. On the same day, Santa Anna consulted with his council of war for permission to finally assault Alamo. Meanwhile, Santa Anna sent for twelve more pounders. At the time they arrived, the decision was reached that the final assault should be made. Though the pounders were expected on the 7th, the decision just after their arrival hastened the final assault. For over six days, the Texan heroes relentlessly defended Alamo (Hardin, 1994). However, on the eighth day, the Mexican general ordered the remaining troops to capture the mission. In the first two occasions, the Texan soldiers defended the mission and repelled the Mexicans. Many of the S anta Anna men fell. On the third attempt, the Alamo walls were destroyed. What followed was a hand-to-hand fight using every weapon including knifes, utensils and riffle butts. Every Texan soldier passionately fought. In an attempt to blow up everyone in Alamo with the gun powder, one of the Texan soldiers was shot (Jenkins, 1973). This shot saved the Mexicans who survived, or else, everyone including Santa Anna would have died in Alamo. Even after relentless fight, all the contagion perished, Colonel Travis included. Those who live to tell the tale were all non combatants. The aftermath Though the Texan army consisted of few men, they relentlessly defended their country. In fact, the cost of the war to Texan people was the entire 187 battalion. These men defended Texas against over 2000 men of Santa Anna. Historians approximate that Santa Anna lost over 1500 men, however, some dispute the number and approximate the Mexican casualties to be a round 600 men. Seven defendants were tho ught to have remained but were later executed under the Santa Anna orders (Lord, 1978). This war claimed prominent Americans among them Davy Crocket. These men were respected Texan army colonels. However, the Mexican triumph was without a price. All the defenders perished with over 1500 Mexican soldiers. For the colonel Travis, his words came to pass; he died for his country (Lord, 1978). He received both victory and death. He emerged victorious simply because he killed large number of Mexican soldiers. This is the war that the Texans will ever remember. Upheld with victory in Alamo, Santa Anna hurriedly embarked on a combat to annihilate diminutive Texan soldiers in Sam Houston. Fearing the large combat of Santa Anna, the Houston backed away in direction of the US border (Hardin, 1994). With a contingent of 1400 men, Santa Anna led his army towards San Jacinto and on April 21, 1836, met head on with the Texan army. With the battle of Alamo in mind, the Houston army incarcerated and scattered Santa Anna troops (Jenkins, 1973). Santa Anna was ultimately captured the following day. The battle of San Jacinto finally secured the Texas independence from Mexico. The significance of the war The Alamo battle became significant especially to Texans since it emerged as a symbol of unity against Santa Anna and his forces. At San Jacinto, the Texan forces, though few, defeated mighty Santa Anna simply because of the rallying cry for those who gave up their lives at Alamo. Critically, the battle of Alamo led to the Texan independence. It was the final battle at San Jacinto that Texans won their independence. One thing led to another, it was this self-determination by the Texans that set the groundwork for their right of entry into the union. It was also entry into the union that led to the war of Mexicans and the United States. The war annexed the larger part of Mexico that later became the majority of the Western States of USA. The annexation of Mexico came about as a res ult of the Guadalupe Hidalgo agreement that committed Mexico to give up the claimed territories. In this way, the battle of Alamo became the root cause of the United States expansion and inclusion of some of the parts that were originally under the dominion of the Mexicans. These places were finally freed from the Mexican authoritative rule. The battle of Alamo could also be claimed to have led to the civil war. Immediately the union doors were opened for the Texans, an argument broke out. The contestation was whether to consent to the claimed territories into slavery. The impact of this debate was a civil war. Many Americans and Texans in particular believed that the Alamo war set a stage for the union to become the world power. Given the fact that the Union did not fall apart into single states, the enormous resources that were drawn from the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the Oregon question settlement in 1846, the Texas annexation in 1845 and the cessation of the Mexico in 1848 provided enough resources for the union to assert their social, economic and political influence to the rest of the world. Conclusion The war fought in Alamo will ever remain in history in both Texas as well as in the whole of America. Indeed, the Alamo war accomplished what every one could not have expected. With a few contingents, the heroic men defended their country which at the end cost their life. Throughout the eight days siege, these heroes never stopped calling for support from their government. Internal wrangles never allowed for immediate support. These men put their lives at risk for the sake of their country. However, sacrifice of Travis and his men vivaciously rekindled the need for independence in the Texas and fire up a righteous flame of wrath that plunged the Mexicans at the battle of San Jacinto. The Alamo war will continue to be inspirational occasion in the history of Texas. Moreover, the war set the stage for what to become today the renowned powerful United St ates. The defeat of Santa Anna and his forces at San Jacinto led to the independence of Texas. The self-governance gave way to the union which later led to the war between the United States and Mexico. The war resulted into the capture of most of the Mexican territory which later became part of the western states. The joining of the union by the Texans and other states led to the civil war which made Americans realized the importance of the union. The holding up of the union and the enormous resources gave way for the formation of a stronger union that dominated the world socially, politically and economically. In general, the Alamo war was not only significant to the Texans but also to the Americans. Even though this battle led to the loss of life to many and in particular the prominent Americans, the gains that the war brought could equally be measures to the blood of those who committed themselves to the freedom of the Texans. Their beliefs and dreams inspired the foundation of t he freedom that is today being enjoyed in the whole of the United States. References Hardin, S. (1994). Texian iliad: a military history of the Texas revolution, Austin: University of Texas Press. Jenkins, J. (1973). The papers of the Texas revolution, 1835-1836. Austin: University of Texas Press. Lord, W. (1978). A time to stand. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. This research paper on The Battle Of Alamo was written and submitted by user Brody L. to help you with your own studies. 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